Spring Boot with Read Replica
This comprehensive demo will walk you through implementing a master-slave database architecture in Spring Boot, where write operations target the master database while read operations are distributed across read replicas.
The Problem We're Solving
Performance Bottlenecks in Single Database Architecture
Traditional Spring Boot applications typically connect to a single database instance, creating several critical issues:
Read/Write Contention: All database operations compete for the same resources, causing performance degradation
Single Point of Failure: Database downtime means complete application unavailability
Limited Scalability: Cannot independently scale read and write operations
Resource Competition: Complex read queries can block critical write operations
Real-World Scenario
Consider an e-commerce application handling:
Product catalog browsing: Heavy read operations (product details, search, filtering)
Order processing: Critical write operations that cannot be delayed
Analytics queries: Resource-intensive reporting that shouldn't impact user experience
Without read replicas, a complex analytics query could significantly slow down order processing, directly impacting revenue and user experience.
Our Solution: Master-Slave Architecture with Spring Boot
Architecture Overview
We'll implement a dual-datasource configuration that intelligently routes database operations:
text┌─────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐
│ Spring Boot │ │ Master DB │
│ Application │────┤ (Writes) │
│ │ │ │
│ │ └──────────────────┘
│ │ │
│ │ │ Replication
│ │ ▼
│ │ ┌──────────────────┐
│ │────┤ Read Replica │
└─────────────────┘ │ (Reads) │
└──────────────────┘Key Components We'll Build
1. Dual DataSource Configuration
Primary DataSource: Handles all write operations (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
Read-Only DataSource: Dedicated to read operations (SELECT queries)
Connection pooling optimization for each datasource type
2. Custom Routing Logic
@Transactional(readOnly = true) annotation detection
Dynamic datasource switching based on operation type
Fallback mechanisms when read replica is unavailable
3. Repository Layer Enhancement
Service-level transaction management
Method-level routing for granular control
Read/write operation separation in business logic
Technical Implementation Approach
Our solution leverages Spring's AbstractRoutingDataSource to create a smart proxy that:
Intercepts database calls before they reach the actual datasource
Analyzes the transaction context to determine operation type
Routes to appropriate datasource based on predefined rules
Maintains transaction integrity across different datasources
Expected Benefits
After implementing this architecture, you'll achieve:
30-70% improvement in read query performance through dedicated resources
Reduced master database load enabling faster write operations
Enhanced fault tolerance with read replica failover capabilities
Horizontal scalability by adding more read replicas as needed
Better resource utilization with optimized connection pooling
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